"American Life" is the ninth studio album by American singer Madonna. It was released on April 21, 2003, by Maverick and Warner Bros. Records. The album was produced by Madonna and Mirwais Ahmadzaï and incorporates references to aspects of American culture. Conceived as a concept album, it addresses themes related to the American Dream and materialism, contrasting with the image associated with Madonna during the 1980s following her 1984 Billboard Hot 100 number-two single "Material Girl". Musically, "American Life" combines elements of folktronica and eurotechno, with influences from acoustic music. Upon its release, "American Life" received mixed reviews from music critics, some of whom described it as stylistically inconsistent and challenging to listen to due to its production. In later retrospective assessments, critics have offered more favorable evaluations, often highlighting its lyrical themes and conceptual ambition. The album reached number one in 14 countries, including Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and charted within the top five in many other territories. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of one million units in the United States and by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for 300,000 units in the United Kingdom. It was the 32nd best-selling album of 2003 and has sold approximately five million copies worldwide. The album received two nominations at the