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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher, one of the creators of German Idealism. His historicist and idealist account of reality as a whole revolutionized European philosophy and was an important precursor to Continental philosophy and Marxism. Hegel developed a comprehensive philosophical framework, or "system", to account in an integrated and developmental way for the relation of mind and nature, the subject and object of knowledge, and psychology, the state, history, art, religion and philosophy. In particular, he developed a concept of mind or spirit that manifested itself in a set of contradictions and oppositions that it ultimately integrated and united, without eliminating either pole or reducing one to the other. Examples of such contradictions include those between nature and freedom, and between immanence and transcendence. Hegel influenced writers of widely varying positions, including both his admirers (Bauer, Feuerbach, T. H. Green, Marx, Bradley, Dewey, Sartre, Küng, Kojève, Žižek, Brandom) and his detractors (Schelling, Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Peirce, Popper, Russell, Heidegger). His influential conceptions are of speculative logic or "dialectic", "absolute idealism", "Spirit", negativity, sublation (Aufhebung in German), the "Master/Slave" dialectic, "ethical life" and the importance of history. User-contributed text is available under the Creative Commons By-SA License; additional terms may
01 - I: Original History
36202 - II: Reflective History
313The Philosophy of History
31404 - III: (I) - Reason Governs the World
23503 - III: Philosophical History
22605 - III: (II) - The Essential Destiny of Reason, Subsection 1: The Abstract Characteristics of the Nature of Spirit
187Die Welt ist Geist
18806 - III: (II) - The Essential Destiny of Reason, Subsection 2: What Means Spirit Uses in order to Realise Its Idea
13907 - III: (II) - The Essential Destiny of Reason, Subsection 3: The Shape which the Perfect Embodiment of Spirit Assumes
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